Dungeon - Medieval Punishment
Mark Jordan
The dungeon has been a disturbing thought to many individuals, as they picture a dark, humid underground prison full of toothless criminals, foul smells, chains and rats.
The word "dungeon" is derived from the Old French word "donjon", which originally came from the "dominus" in Latin, although "dominus" means "lord". Donjon, in France, actually means the "keep" of a castle (which is a tower). The French word "cachot" would have actually been more appropriate, as it means "a type of prison".
So, as for its original meaning, the "dungeon" was the castle Keep, which is the main tower. This Keep was the last position of defense for the garrison and a place they could retreat to if the outer fortifications were breached. It was to be a safe and comfortable place for the Lord of the castle to stay. It turned out to be a safe place to keep prisoners as well. At some point more luxurious housing was commonly built for the Lord, and the dungeon was used exclusively for prisoners. Over time, the term evolved to mean an underground prison. The prisoners must have been kept in the underground areas of the Keep.
So what does a real dungeon look like? Usually they are a plain one room underground prison cell, without windows with one heavy door as access, but sometimes only a hatch in the ceiling for access. They became associated with torture, which surely did occur. As well people tend to fear being trapped underground. So the word "dungeon" conjured up a feeling of fear and being trapped in a place of underground torture.
